Comparative transcriptomic studies of plant - Armillaria interactions

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Abstract

Armillaria fungi, recognized as major plant pathogens, can cause significant losses both in forestry and agriculture. They contribute to forest decline with their ability to infect living trees and by possessing formidable capabilities to decompose wood. In order to develop effective management strategies, it is crucial to understand their mechanisms for plant infection and wood decay. By investigating the enzymatic profiles of two Armillaria species with contrasting lifestyles, the highly virulent pathogen Armillaria ostoyae and the mostly saprophytic and secondary pathogen Armillaria borealis, this study addresses this gap in knowledge. Key players involved in their pathogenicity strategies and wood degradation capabilities were identified by using transcriptome analysis and homology searches on cultivated strains. Our analysis revealed species-specific variations in virulence factors, in addition to identifying a repertoire of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in both fungi. Coinciding with their more aggressive infection strategy, A. ostoyae exhibited a higher abundance of enzymes targeting plant cell walls, including possessing a potentially stronger lignin and pectin degradation arsenal. Beside plant pathogenicity and wood degradation, this research also explored the mycoremediation potentials of these fungal species. Both A. ostoyae and A. borealis displayed a promising genetic repertoire for the breakdown of various monocyclic aromatic compounds that might be utilised in bioremediation of the contaminated environments. This research provides valuable insights into virulence and wood decay mechanisms of Armillaria and provides the groundwork for the future studies that should ultimately lead to development of effective control strategies. Alongside this, it emphasises their possible use in bioremediation, particularly of monocyclic aromatic compounds.

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